动力波洗涤器脱硫试验研究

采用动力波洗涤器冷模试验装置,在不加脱硫剂的情况下,考察各操作参数(液气比、pH值)及液柱喷射方式(逆喷、顺喷)对脱硫效率的影响,并对不同水质的清水(自来水、去离子水)的脱硫效率进行对比分析。结果表明:自来水的脱硫效率随液气比的增加而增大;逆喷时的脱硫效率明显高于顺喷;液气比>7时,逆喷的脱硫效率在75%以上;自来水的脱硫效率较去离子水要高;撞击流有强化吸收的特性。     

复合调理剂对废弃建筑泥浆脱水性能的影响

建筑泥浆具有高含水率、高碱性、脱水困难等特性,导致其环保处置困难.采用有机絮凝剂与酸性无机调理剂组成的复合调理剂对废弃建筑泥浆开展了絮凝调理实验,以探究不同药剂组合和用量对废弃建筑泥浆脱水性能的影响.结果表明,建筑泥浆中膨润土、高岭石等50μm以下细粒粘土颗粒占比达67％以上,颗粒之间相互排斥,难以自然沉淀脱水.使用P...     

大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力来源解析技术与应用

建立了大气颗粒物酸缓冲能力的表征方法,测定了天津市区不同源类的酸缓冲能力;建立了基于二重源解析技术(NCMB)的TSP酸缓冲能力来源识别技术,阐述了其技术原理,并在天津城区加以应用.结果表明,大气中颗粒物浓度和降雨量是影响天津城区降雨pH值的关键因素;颗粒物的酸缓冲能力主要来源于城市扬尘、建筑水泥尘和土壤风沙尘等开放源.开放源污染是现阶段决定天津城区酸雨发展的关键因素之一.     

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE AND SUBIRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN ONTARIO,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: Artificial neural network (ANN) models were developed to simulate fluctuations in midspan water table depths (WTD) given rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, and irrigation inputs on a Brookston clay loam in Woodslee, Ontario, having a dual‐purpose subsurface drainage/subirrigation setup. Water table depths and meteorologic data collected at this site from 1992 to 1994 and from 1996 to 1997 were used to train the ANNs. The ANNs were then used for real‐time control and time series simulations. The lowest root mean squared errors (RMSE) for the various ANNs were 60.6 mm for real‐time control simulation, and 88.4 mm for time‐series simulation of water table depths. It was possible to simulate WTD for the different modes of water table management in one network by incorporating an indicator for switching from one to the other. The ANN simulations were quite good even though the training data sets had irregular measurement intervals. With fewer input parameters and small network structures, ANNs still provided accurate results and required little time for training and execution. ANNs are therefore easier and faster to develop and run than conventional models and can contribute to the proper management of subsurface drainage and subirrigation systems.     

天津局部大气颗粒物上多环芳烃分布状态

通过对天津市内的几个典型地区大气颗粒物进行测定,检测出58种多环芳烃,并对11种多环芳烃进行定量测定。其结果表明,所涉及 的区域在采暖期内大多数点位的苯并(a)芘超标,超标倍数在1.1～4.6之间;交通繁忙地区的多环芳烃的污染程度高于其他地区;笔者还对多 环芳烃在不同粒径颗粒物上的分布特征、苯并(a)芘与大气颗粒物进行相关性分析和评价。      

Gangba sheep in the Tibetan plateau: Validating their unique meat quality and grazing factor analysis

Gangba sheep are known for having typical sensory characteristics attributed to free range conditions and grazing on wild plants. The genuine Gangba mutton was selected as the experimental group, and the commercial Tibetan mutton was selected as the control group, the nutritive composition of basic chemical components, amino acids and fatty acids in mutton were investigated to correlate its unique meat quality and eating satisfaction. The results showed that fatty acids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in Gangba mutton than in commercial mutton, and the higher content of flavoring amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartame) were primarily responsible for the taste attributes umami of meat juices. Moreover, the trace elements analysis in mutton and grazing factors (forage, water source and soil) were conducted, to explain the source of essential trace elements in mutton. The concentrations of essential trace elements show that the Gangba mutton was a valuable source for highly available Cu and Zn in human nutrition, and well managed with few detected of toxicity metal. The concentrations of essential trace elements in mutton are closely related to the trace elements in environmental grazing factors. In conclusion, the congenital grazing conditions (a highly mineralized water resource, natural forages and clean soils) were shown to contribute to the unique meat characteristics of Gangba sheep.     

环境中丙烯酰胺检测方法和健康危害的研究进展

丙烯酰胺广泛应用于工业生产,是一种潜在的环境污染物。本文从丙烯酰胺的检测方法和健康危害2个方面总结了目前的研究进展。检测方法上,以高效液相色谱-质谱串联法(HPLC-MS/MS)最为常用,一些新技术也逐渐应用到分析中。健康危害方面,丙烯酰胺可引起实验生物的神经、生殖、遗传和发育等毒性和潜在致癌性。其毒性机理为:直接损坏神经元;使活性氧(ROS)积累导致氧化损伤;诱发基因位点突变,或与DNA形成加合物而致其损伤等。鉴于目前研究存在的问题,对以后的工作进行了展望:加强监管与治理工作,保护生态环境和人类健康;深入开展丙烯酰胺对生物体的毒性效应研究;加强我国环境中丙烯酰胺的跟踪监测工作;建立一种快捷的生物测试系统来评估水体(尤其是海洋环境)中丙烯酰胺的毒性风险。     

从抽提叶绿素后的蚕沙中提取叶蛋白

本文分析了从抽提叶绿素后的蚕沙中提取叶蛋白的工艺条件。结果表明：以０７％ＮａＯＨ作提取剂,料比１∶７,于６０℃搅拌提取６ｈ,叶蛋白的提取率为８４１２％;再用（１＋１）ＨＣｌ调ｐＨ值为３５,即得叶蛋白沉淀。按上述工艺条件,叶蛋白得率（以蚕沙干物计）为１００９％,蛋白质含量为７６６８％,提高了蚕沙的综合利用价值     

壳聚糖乙酸酯冠醚对金属离子的吸附性能研究

利用壳聚糖Ｃ２位上活泼氨基与苯甲醛进行反应,制得了Ｓｃｈｉｆｆ碱苯甲醛壳聚糖（简称ＣＴＢ）,再将合成的二苯并１６－冠－５氯代乙酸酯冠醚接枝到ＣＴＢ上,得到壳聚糖－苯并１６－冠－５乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＴＣＢＣ）,使其在酸性条件下脱去苯甲醛,制得壳聚糖－二苯并１６－冠－５－乙酸酯冠醚（简称ＣＴＣＥ）。经元素分析、红外光谱分析表征了其结构。并研究了ＣＴＢＣ和ＣＴＣＥ对Ｐｂ＾２＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｎｉ     

石灰湿法脱硫传质－反应过程机理

对以族流板塔作吸收器的石灰湿法烟气脱硫技术进行了试验研究,分析了石灰浆液吸收ＳＯ２的传质－反应过程,并提出了Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２浆液吸收ＳＯ２的传质－反应过程机理。本机理认为,总反应速度由气相中ＳＯ２的扩散（气相阻力）和液相中Ｃａ（ＯＨ）２固体的溶解（包括在液相阻力之内）及扩散控制;同时认为,反应过程可分为气相阻力控制、气液相阻力共同控制、液相阻力控制３个阶段。此外,本机理得到了实验的验证。以上结果将有助于改进石灰湿法烟气脱硫工业装置的设计和操作。